• Tooth/root extraction;
• Removal of unerupted (retinated) teeth;
• Mucosal height correction with/with bone reduction;
• Tongue flap plasty;
• Lip flap plasty;
• Resection of the root apex of the tooth;
• Cystectomy;
• Exposing a retruded tooth for orthodontic treatment.

Normally, milk teeth do not need to be removed, they fall out on their own. However, if the physiological resorption of the root of the deciduous tooth is disturbed, it is necessary to remove the tooth to avoid problems in the future when the deciduous bite changes to a permanent bite.

For severely damaged caries, where not only the crown but also the root is damaged, it is recommended to remove the root, as no dentures (crowns) will last long when the root is not healthy. Permanent teeth can also be removed for orthodontic treatment when there is a severe lack of space, severe crowding of the teeth, severe misalignment of the upper and lower jaw, or when the patient refuses orthognathic surgery (jaw surgery).

Mental teeth that are not in the dental arch, crooked or misaligned, create certain ideal conditions for plaque to build up, and not only the mental teeth, but also the teeth next to them, start to decay. Even undeveloped mental
teeth, can lead to the loss of an adjacent tooth by erupting into the root of the adjacent tooth, damaging it. Protruding mental teeth can cause crowding of the front teeth. They often cause periodontal problems.

These are benign tumours of the bone and soft tissues in the maxillofacial region, which form in both the jawbone and the soft tissues. The main causes of a cyst may be a poorly or completely untreated root canal or trauma to the tooth, which must be removed.

It is used after unsuccessful endodontic treatment or in the case of a highly virulent infection, to remove the bacteria-damaged root canal and to prevent further spread of infection. In case of infection, when the root of the tooth has been treated with a peg-type restoration, when the removal of a peg-type restoration poses a high risk of root fracture, or for other reasons when there is no way to reach the top of the tooth root. Root apex resection is performed on molars, canines and anterior teeth.

A massive upper lip fascia that is high up is the cause of diastema (the space between the front teeth of the upper jaw). A short tongue flap can lead to scrubbing and malocclusion. 'Pronounced' cheek girdles, especially in the case of thin oral mucosa, often lead to recessions (the root of the tooth becoming encased), which causes the teeth to appear yellow, aesthetic problems, i.e. the tooth appears 'elongated', and also increases the risk of root caries, as the root of the tooth is not covered by enamel but by a cementum, which is more porous and more likely to accumulate plaque, unlike the crown, which is not enamel. These surgeries are not complicated and take up to 30 minutes.

• Bleeding. Keep a gauze swab in your mouth for 30 minutes after the tooth extraction. If the bleeding persists, replace the swab with a new one and keep it firmly bitten for another 20 min. Repeat again if necessary. If the bleeding persists, contact your doctor.
• Smoking and alcohol. Do not smoke for at least 12 hours after the tooth extraction. Smoking is detrimental to wound healing. Do not consume alcoholic beverages for 24 hours after the procedure.
• Rinses. Do not rinse your mouth on the day of the cull. You can drink non-spicy liquids, but do not rinse or spit heavily, as a blood clot may break free from the wound. From the next day onwards, rinse (especially after eating) with disinfectant solutions. Rinse for several days.
• Swelling. To reduce swelling, an ice bladder wrapped in a towel should be applied to the area where the face is being straightened. The cold should be held for 30 minutes with 30-minute breaks for 1 to 2 hours.
• Pain. For moderate pain, take any non-liquefying medicine. If the operation was long, take the prescribed painkillers.
• Food. Soft food is recommended for the first 24 hours.
• Seams. If the wound has been stitched with dissolvable sutures, you will not need to visit the doctor again. Non-dissolving stitches are usually removed after a week.
• Medicines. If you have been prescribed medicines, take them in the doses indicated.
• Hygiene. Proper oral hygiene will speed up healing. In the first few days after surgery, be careful not to damage the surgical site and stitches, and brush your teeth gently.